Ne postoji specifična dijeta za hipotireozu. Uglavnom morate ograničiti upotrebu nekih namirnica, ne bi trebalo da jedete previše ničega i najvažnije je da imate dnevnik ishrane. Jedino što treba da izbegavate su mlečni proizvodi ili hrana bogata kalcijumom, 4 (četiri) sata pre ili posle uzimanja lekova. Takođe, treba da izbegavate hranu bogatu vlaknima uz lekove.
Beležnica (sveska) i olovka (olovka i papir) su mnogo bolja opcija od telefona ili računara. Samo predlog. Pojedite jedno povrće, voće ili namirnicu samo i vidite kako se osećate posle toga. Zapišite sve što ste probali.
Simptomi hipotireoze
Hipotireoza, ili smanje aktivnost štitne žlezde, nastaje kada štitna žlezda ne proizvodi dovoljno hormona štitne žlezde. To može dovesti do raznih simptoma, uključujući umor, povećanje telesne težine, osećaj hladnoće, zatvor i kognitivne teškoće.
Uobičajeni simptomi hipotireoze uključuju:
1. Umor:
Osećaj umora ili tromosti, čak i nakon adekvatnog sna.
2. Povećanje telesne težine:
Teškoće sa gubitkom težine ili neobjašnjivo povećanje telesne težine.
3. Osetljivost na hladnoću:
Osećaj hladnoće češći nego obično, čak i na umerenim temperaturama.
4. Zatvor:
Teškoće sa pražnjenjem creva ili retko pražnjenje creva.
5. Kognitivne teškoće:
Problemi sa koncentracijom, pamćenjem ili jasnim razmišljanjem.
6. Suva koža i kosa:
Suva, gruba i krhka koža, kosa i nokti.
7. Depresija ili loše raspoloženje:
Osećaji tuge, anksioznosti ili lošeg raspoloženja.
8. Bolovi i slabost u mišićima:
Bol u mišićima, ukočenost ili slabost.
9. Promukao glas:
Hrapav ili dublji glas.
10. Menstrualne nepravilnosti:
Obilnije ili neredovne menstruacije kod žena.
11. Otečeno lice:
Oticanje ili natečenost, posebno oko lica.
12. Usporen rad srca:
Niži rad srca od normalnog.
Drugi manje uobičajeni simptomi mogu uključivati:
- Gubitak kose
- Proređivanje obrva
- Otečene ruke ili stopala
- Bol u zglobovima
- Sindrom karpalnog tunela (peckanje ili bol u rukama i prstima)
- Gušavost (uvećanje štitne žlezde)
- Bradikardija (usporen rad srca)
Dobro izbalansirana ishrana, bogata esencijalnim hranljivim materijama i siromašna prerađenom hranom, ključna je za upravljanje hipotireozom. Fokusirajte se na uključivanje hrane koja podržava zdravlje štitne žlezde, kao što su one bogate jodom, selenom i cinkom, vodeći računa o potencijalnim goitrogenima (supstancama koje mogu ometati funkciju štitne žlezde).
Primer plana obroka treba da sadrži dosta voća, povrća, nemasnih proteina, zdravih masti i integralnih žitarica.
Namirnice koje treba uključiti:
1. Namirnice bogate jodom:
Morski plodovi (riba, školjke), jodirana so, mlečni proizvodi i jaja.
2. Namirnice bogate selenom:
Brazilski orasi, seme suncokreta, riba, živina i jaja.
3. Namirnice bogate cinkom:
Ostrige, govedina, seme bundeve i sočivo.
4. Voće i povrće:
Bobice, jabuke, banane, lisnato zeleno povrce, brokoli i šargarepa.
5. Nemasni proteini:
Piletina, ćuretina, riba, pasulj i sočivo.
6. Zdrave masti:
Avokado, maslinovo ulje, orasi i semenke.
7. Cela zrna:
Smeđi pirinač, kinoa i ovas.
Namirnice koje treba ograničiti ili izbegavati:
1. Goitrogeni (ograniciti):
Krstasto povrće poput brokolija, kupusa i kelja (u veoma velikim količinama). Kuvanje ovog povrća može smanjiti njihove goitrogene efekte.
2. Prerađena hrana (izbaciti):
Brza hrana, pakovane grickalice i zaslađena pića.
3. Prekomerna soja (oprez):
Soja može ometati apsorpciju lekova za štitnu žlezdu kod nekih osoba.
4. Senovito povrće (ograniciti):
Krompir, paradajz, paprika, patlidžan.
5. Gluten (izbaciti):
Iako nije univerzalna preporuka, neki ljudi sa Hašimotom (autoimunom bolesti štitne žlezde) mogu imati koristi od ishrane bez glutena. Hrana bogata glutenom poput pšenice, ječma, raži itd. može iritirati tanko crevo i ometati apsorpciju hormona štitne žlezde.
Vašem telu može biti teško da apsorbuje lek ako uzimate tablete sa obrocima bogatim vlaknima.
Takođe, da biste izbegli probleme sa apsorpcijom, nemojte uzimati lekove za hormone štitne žlezde sa hranom koja sadrži orahe, sojino brašno ili brašno od semena pamuka. Nemojte ih uzimati istovremeno sa uzimanjem suplemenata gvožđa ili multivitamina koji sadrže gvožđe. Takođe je važno izbegavati uzimanje sa suplementima kalcijuma ili antacidima koji sadrže aluminijum ili magnezijum.
Neki lekovi za čir i neki lekovi za snižavanje holesterola takođe mogu ometati nadoknadu hormona štitne žlezde. Da biste izbegli potencijalne probleme, jedite ovu hranu ili koristite ove proizvode nekoliko sati pre ili posle uzimanja lekova za štitnu žlezdu.
There is no specific diet for hypothyroidism. Mostly you have to limit the use of some foods, you are not supposed to eat too much of anything and most important, you have to have a food diary. Only things you need to avoid are dairy products or calcium rich foods, 4 (four) hours before or after taking your medication. Also, you need to avoid high fiber foods with your medication.
A notebook and pen (pen and paper) is a much better option than phone or computer. Just a suggestion. Eat one vegetable, fruit or food item alone and see how you feel after it. Write down everything you tried.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid, occurs when the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormones. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including fatigue, weight gain, feeling cold, constipation, and cognitive difficulties.
Common symptoms of hypothyroidism include:
1. Fatigue:
Feeling tired or sluggish, even after adequate sleep.
2. Weight gain:
Difficulty losing weight or unexplained weight gain.
3. Sensitivity to cold:
Feeling cold more often than usual, even in moderate temperatures.
4. Constipation:
Difficulty passing stools or infrequent bowel movements.
5. Cognitive difficulties:
Problems with concentration, memory, or thinking clearly.
6. Dry skin and hair:
Dry, coarse, and brittle skin, hair, and nails.
7. Depression or low mood:
Feelings of sadness, anxiety, or low mood.
8. Muscle aches and weakness:
Muscle pain, stiffness, or weakness.
9. Hoarse voice:
A raspy or deeper voice.
10. Menstrual irregularities:
Heavier or irregular periods in women.
11. Puffy face:
Swelling or puffiness, particularly around the face.
12. Slowed heart rate:
- A lower-than-normal heart rate.
- Other less common symptoms may include:
- Hair loss
- Thinning eyebrows
- Swollen hands or feet
- Joint pain
- Carpal tunnel syndrome (tingling or pain in the hands and fingers)
- Goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland)
- Bradycardia (slow heart rate)
A well-balanced diet, rich in essential nutrients and low in processed foods, is crucial for managing hypothyroidism. Focus on incorporating foods that support thyroid health, such as those rich in iodine, selenium, and zinc, while being mindful of potential goitrogens (substances that can interfere with thyroid function).
A sample meal plan should include plenty of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, healthy fats, and whole grains.
Foods to include:
1. Iodine-rich foods:
Seafood (fish, shellfish), iodized salt, dairy products, and eggs.
2. Selenium-rich foods:
Brazil nuts, sunflower seeds, fish, poultry, and eggs.
3. Zinc-rich foods:
Oysters, beef, pumpkin seeds, and lentils.
4. Fruits and vegetables:
Berries, apples, bananas, leafy greens, broccoli, and carrots.
5. Lean proteins:
Chicken, turkey, fish, beans, and lentils.
6. Healthy fats:
Avocado, olive oil, nuts, and seeds.
7. Whole grains:
Brown rice, quinoa, and oats.
Foods to limit or avoid:
1. Goitrogens (limit):
Cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cabbage, and kale (in very large quantities). Cooking these vegetables can reduce their goitrogenic effects.
2. Processed foods (don't eat): Fast food, packaged snacks, and sugary drinks.
3. Excessive soy (caution): Soy can interfere with thyroid medication absorption in some individuals.
4. Nightshade vegetables (limit): potato, tomato, bell pepper, eggplant.
5. Gluten (don't eat): While not a universal recommendation, some people with Hashimoto's (an autoimmune thyroid disease) may benefit from a gluten-free diet. Gluten rich foods such as wheat, barley, rye, etc may irritate the small intestine and hamper absorption of thyroid hormone.
It can be hard for your body to absorb the medication if you take your tablets with meals that are high in fiber.
Also, to avoid problems with absorption, don’t take your thyroid hormone medication with foods that contain walnuts, soybean flour or cottonseed meal. Don’t take it at the same time as you take an iron supplement or a multivitamin that contains iron. It’s also important to avoid taking it with calcium supplements or antacids that contain aluminum or magnesium.
Some ulcer medications and some cholesterol-lowering drugs also can interfere with thyroid hormone replacement. To avoid potential problems, eat these foods or use these products several hours before or after you take your thyroid medication.
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